Flatland: A Romance Of Many Dimensions (Literary Classics)
7.62 / 10 80K ratings
- Language
- English
- Published
- 2005
- Publisher
- Prometheus
- Pages
- 130
- ISBN
- 9781591022961
Enter a two-dimensional world where geometric shapes are sentient beings and social status is determined by the number of one's sides. In Flatland, a Square narrates his existence, detailing the rigid hierarchies and customs of his平面 society, where women are mere line segments and polygons with more angles hold greater prestige. His predictable life is upended by a visitor from a realm beyond his comprehension - a Sphere from Spaceland, a world of three dimensions. This encounter challenges everything the Square knows about reality and perception, as he struggles to grasp a concept that defies the very fabric of his flat universe.
This novella explores the limitations of understanding and the societal resistance to new ideas, using its unique premise to comment on class, gender, and the nature of knowledge itself. The Square's journey from Flatland to Spaceland and back forces him to confront the boundaries of his own perception and the incredulity of his peers when faced with truths beyond their experience. It offers a unique exploration of dimensions, social structures, and the struggle to communicate revolutionary concepts.
This novella explores the limitations of understanding and the societal resistance to new ideas, using its unique premise to comment on class, gender, and the nature of knowledge itself. The Square's journey from Flatland to Spaceland and back forces him to confront the boundaries of his own perception and the incredulity of his peers when faced with truths beyond their experience. It offers a unique exploration of dimensions, social structures, and the struggle to communicate revolutionary concepts.
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Original edition
Flatland A Romance of Many DimensionsOriginally published in 1952 English Gannon Distributing Company
Other editions (521)
Listen to the summary Narrated summary
I, A. Square, a humble inhabitant of the two-dimensional world of Flatland, begin my tale by introducing the curious nature of our existence. Here, all is length and breadth; height is an inconceivable fancy. Our world is populated by geometric figures, each defined by their number of sides, which in turn dictates their social standing. Women, alas, are mere lines, dangerous and barely visible, while men ascend the social ladder from the sharp-angled Triangles of the laboring class to the noble Polygons of many sides, culminating in the revered Circles, our priestly elite, whose perfect rotundity grants them ultimate power and wisdom. Our perception is limited to what we can see as lines and angles, a constant shifting of appearance as others pass by.
Life in Flatland is governed by strict laws and customs, ensuring order in our seemingly chaotic flatness. We identify each other not by sight, which is often misleading, but by touch and, among the higher classes, by the nuance of our angles. Our dwellings, too, are polygons, with doors that are mere openings, and our society, in its rigid adherence to hierarchy, mirrors the very shapes that compose us. The first part of my memoir delves into these intricate details, describing the precise movements and social interactions, the dangers posed by unseen lines, and the constant vigilance required to navigate our world without collision.
One New Year's Eve, a most extraordinary event transpired. I found myself transported, in a vivid dream, to a realm even more confined than our own: Lineland. Here, beings were but points and lines, living along a single, infinite straight line, utterly incapable of comprehending a second dimension. I, a Square, tried desperately to explain the concept of breadth, of "up" and "down" beyond their singular axis, but the King of Lineland, a formidable line segment, dismissed my fervent pleas as madness. They could not conceive of existence beyond their narrow perception, and my efforts were met with hostility and disbelief.
Soon after this unsettling dream, my reality was shattered by the arrival of a being beyond all Flatland comprehension: a Sphere. This majestic, ever-changing presence spoke of a third dimension, of height and depth, concepts that twisted my very understanding of the universe. The Sphere, appearing as a constantly expanding and contracting circle to my two-dimensional eyes, sought to enlighten me. It spoke of "upward, not Northward," a direction utterly foreign to my experience.
To truly grasp this revelation, the Sphere, with a gentle force, pulled me out of Flatland. The sensation was terrifying yet exhilarating. I soared into Spaceland, a world of three dimensions, where I could perceive my own Flatland from above, seeing the interiors of houses, the true shapes of my fellow Flatlanders, and the entirety of our world as a mere plane. It was an experience of pure, unadulterated truth, a divine revelation that transformed my perception forever. I saw the limitations of my former existence, much like the inhabitants of Lineland could not see ours.
Upon my return to Flatland, filled with the fervor of a prophet, I attempted to share the glorious news of Spaceland and the third dimension with my countrymen. I spoke of "up" and "down," of a world beyond their flat plane, of the true nature of their existence. But my words, born of an experience they could not replicate or even imagine, were met with scorn, ridicule, and ultimately, fear. My fellow Squares, Polygons, and even the revered Circles, dismissed my accounts as dangerous heresy, a delusional fantasy that threatened the very fabric of our ordered society.
My impassioned attempts to open their minds to the wonders of higher dimensions were deemed a rebellion against established knowledge and a threat to the rigid social order. Despite my earnest endeavors to explain what I had witnessed, the authorities of Flatland, particularly the powerful Circles, found my teachings subversive. They saw not enlightenment, but madness and a dangerous challenge to their authority.
And so, for daring to speak of truths beyond the accepted two dimensions, I was imprisoned. From my cell, I now commit these memoirs to paper, a testament to my journey and a desperate hope that someday, in a more enlightened age, my words might fall upon receptive minds. Perhaps, one day, Flatlanders will look beyond their limited perceptions and grasp the infinite possibilities of dimensions yet unknown, breaking free from the confines of their flat existence.
Life in Flatland is governed by strict laws and customs, ensuring order in our seemingly chaotic flatness. We identify each other not by sight, which is often misleading, but by touch and, among the higher classes, by the nuance of our angles. Our dwellings, too, are polygons, with doors that are mere openings, and our society, in its rigid adherence to hierarchy, mirrors the very shapes that compose us. The first part of my memoir delves into these intricate details, describing the precise movements and social interactions, the dangers posed by unseen lines, and the constant vigilance required to navigate our world without collision.
One New Year's Eve, a most extraordinary event transpired. I found myself transported, in a vivid dream, to a realm even more confined than our own: Lineland. Here, beings were but points and lines, living along a single, infinite straight line, utterly incapable of comprehending a second dimension. I, a Square, tried desperately to explain the concept of breadth, of "up" and "down" beyond their singular axis, but the King of Lineland, a formidable line segment, dismissed my fervent pleas as madness. They could not conceive of existence beyond their narrow perception, and my efforts were met with hostility and disbelief.
Soon after this unsettling dream, my reality was shattered by the arrival of a being beyond all Flatland comprehension: a Sphere. This majestic, ever-changing presence spoke of a third dimension, of height and depth, concepts that twisted my very understanding of the universe. The Sphere, appearing as a constantly expanding and contracting circle to my two-dimensional eyes, sought to enlighten me. It spoke of "upward, not Northward," a direction utterly foreign to my experience.
To truly grasp this revelation, the Sphere, with a gentle force, pulled me out of Flatland. The sensation was terrifying yet exhilarating. I soared into Spaceland, a world of three dimensions, where I could perceive my own Flatland from above, seeing the interiors of houses, the true shapes of my fellow Flatlanders, and the entirety of our world as a mere plane. It was an experience of pure, unadulterated truth, a divine revelation that transformed my perception forever. I saw the limitations of my former existence, much like the inhabitants of Lineland could not see ours.
Upon my return to Flatland, filled with the fervor of a prophet, I attempted to share the glorious news of Spaceland and the third dimension with my countrymen. I spoke of "up" and "down," of a world beyond their flat plane, of the true nature of their existence. But my words, born of an experience they could not replicate or even imagine, were met with scorn, ridicule, and ultimately, fear. My fellow Squares, Polygons, and even the revered Circles, dismissed my accounts as dangerous heresy, a delusional fantasy that threatened the very fabric of our ordered society.
My impassioned attempts to open their minds to the wonders of higher dimensions were deemed a rebellion against established knowledge and a threat to the rigid social order. Despite my earnest endeavors to explain what I had witnessed, the authorities of Flatland, particularly the powerful Circles, found my teachings subversive. They saw not enlightenment, but madness and a dangerous challenge to their authority.
And so, for daring to speak of truths beyond the accepted two dimensions, I was imprisoned. From my cell, I now commit these memoirs to paper, a testament to my journey and a desperate hope that someday, in a more enlightened age, my words might fall upon receptive minds. Perhaps, one day, Flatlanders will look beyond their limited perceptions and grasp the infinite possibilities of dimensions yet unknown, breaking free from the confines of their flat existence.
What other readers say
Liked
Reviews for this book consistently praise its ingenious central concept, presenting it as a brilliant work of speculative mathematics and a mind-expanding thought experiment. Readers highlight its avant-garde nature, especially considering its 19th-century origin, for exploring higher dimensions and challenging conventional perceptions of reality. Beyond its mathematical ingenuity, the book is widely appreciated as a sharp social satire of Victorian-era class structures, gender inequality, and dogmatic thinking. Many find its commentary on societal rigidity and the difficulty of accepting new ideas to be timeless and thought-provoking, often drawing parallels to works like Orwell's 1984 or Plato's Cave allegory. Its unique blend of genres, literary allusions, and philosophical depth make it a fascinating and memorable read for those open to its unconventional approach.
Disliked
However, the reviews also point to several significant drawbacks. A common criticism is that the book's narrative and plot are often considered weak, simple, or contrived, with some reviewers finding the writing itself to be merely adequate rather than eloquent. The conceptual nature of the book means that some sections can be "brain-twisty" or require considerable mental effort, which might deter readers seeking a straightforward story. The most substantial negative feedback revolves around the book's portrayal of women, which is almost universally described as overtly misogynistic and outdated. While some argue this aspect is intended as satire, many reviewers find it genuinely offensive and difficult to overlook, detracting significantly from their enjoyment of the work. A few detailed critiques also raise questions about the geometric accuracy or internal consistency of the two-dimensional world as described.
In short
Overall, this book is widely regarded as a unique classic, valued more for its intellectual concepts and satirical ideas than for its storytelling prowess. It is highly recommended for readers with an open mind, particularly those interested in mathematics, geometry, philosophy, or social commentary, who are willing to engage with a challenging thought experiment. Those who appreciate historical context and can overlook or contextualize its notably outdated social views, especially concerning gender, will likely find it a worthwhile and thought-provoking experience. However, readers primarily seeking an entertaining plot or those sensitive to pervasive misogyny may find it a frustrating read.
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