� Rebours
7.58 / 10 16K ratings
- Published
- 2021
- Publisher
- Independently Published
- Pages
- 268
- ISBN
- 9798514622986
Disgusted by the banality of 19th-century bourgeois society and the perceived decay of his aristocratic lineage, Duke Jean des Esseintes, the last scion of a once-powerful family, chooses to withdraw from the world entirely. He retreats to a secluded villa, creating an artificial realm meticulously designed to satisfy his hyper-aesthetic sensibilities and intellectual cravings.
This novel delves into Des Esseintes's inner world, cataloging his elaborate tastes in literature, art, perfumes, and exotic flora, all while he rejects the natural and commonplace. As he pursues ever more refined and unusual sensory experiences, the narrative explores themes of alienation, the limits of aestheticism, and the search for meaning in a reality he finds empty. Readers are invited to witness a singular experiment in living "against the grain," a journey into extreme self-indulgence and the profound implications of turning one's back on the conventional world.
This novel delves into Des Esseintes's inner world, cataloging his elaborate tastes in literature, art, perfumes, and exotic flora, all while he rejects the natural and commonplace. As he pursues ever more refined and unusual sensory experiences, the narrative explores themes of alienation, the limits of aestheticism, and the search for meaning in a reality he finds empty. Readers are invited to witness a singular experiment in living "against the grain," a journey into extreme self-indulgence and the profound implications of turning one's back on the conventional world.
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Original edition
Against the Grain Á ReboursOriginally published in 1884 English CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
Other editions (226)
Listen to the summary Narrated summary
Jean des Esseintes, the last fragile scion of a once-illustrious line, found himself at thirty a man utterly weary of the world. The hereditary decline of his aristocratic family manifested not only in his delicate health but in a profound, corrosive ennui that tainted every commonplace pleasure and ordinary vice Paris could offer. He had plumbed the depths of hedonism, only to find them hollow, and the crude, petty pursuits of bourgeois society filled him with an insuperable disgust. To escape this suffocating reality, he conceived of an audacious retreat, a hermetic existence dedicated solely to the exquisite cultivation of his own aesthetic sensibilities.
Thus, Des Esseintes withdrew to a secluded villa in Fontenay, far from the clamor and vulgarity of the city. His new abode became a sanctuary, a meticulously crafted world where artificiality reigned supreme, deliberately chosen to supersede the imperfections and banality of nature. Every detail was curated with an obsessive precision: the walls draped in rare fabrics, the air infused with complex, custom-blended perfumes, and the very light filtered through stained glass to cast an ethereal glow. He disdained the natural, finding genius only in the artifice of man, and sought to create a personal utopia where beauty was distilled to its purest, most unnatural essence.
His days were a symphony of carefully orchestrated sensations. He devised a "mouth-organ" of rare liqueurs, each stop corresponding to a different spirit, allowing him to compose liquid melodies on his palate, evoking the brassy clang of trombones or the reedy wail of a clarinet with a mere sip. He immersed himself in literature, but only that which spoke to his refined, often perverse, tastes - the decadent Latin authors, the Symbolist poets like Baudelaire and Mallarmé, whose words shimmered with an arcane beauty. Even the flowers he cultivated were chosen for their uncanny, almost artificial appearance, their waxy petals and bizarre forms mimicking human artifice rather than wild growth.
Yet, this carefully constructed world, designed to shield him from all unpleasantness, sometimes brought its own peculiar tragedies. He once procured a magnificent tortoise, its dull, earthy shell offending his hyper-aesthetic eye. To remedy this, he had its carapace gilded and encrusted with precious stones - amethysts, topazes, opals - transforming it into a living jewel. But the creature, accustomed to its humble existence, could not bear the dazzling weight of such luxury and was found dead, a victim of imposed splendor.
Even the thought of travel, that universal balm for the restless spirit, was transmuted into an internal art. He would plan elaborate journeys, poring over guidebooks and train schedules, even visiting an English pub in Paris to savor the aroma of stout and the accents of Englishmen. But the physical discomforts of actual travel, the inevitable clash between expectation and reality, were too much to bear. He once reached the train station for a voyage to London, only to turn back, realizing the imagined journey, meticulously constructed in his mind, was infinitely more satisfying and pristine than any real experience could ever be.
As months bled into an unbroken chain of isolated, hyper-sensory indulgence, Des Esseintes's already fragile health began to deteriorate further. His stomach, his nerves, his very spirit rebelled against this unnatural regimen. The relentless pursuit of artificial sensation, the utter lack of human connection, and the defiance of all natural rhythms began to take their toll, manifesting in a host of physical ailments and an intensifying mental anguish.
Finally, a doctor, observing his alarming decline, delivered an ultimatum: he must abandon his solitary, decadent life and return to Paris. The very thought filled Des Esseintes with dread - the return to the vulgarity, the noise, the crushing mediocrity he had so vehemently rejected. Yet, faced with the stark choice between his meticulously curated isolation and the preservation of his life, he reluctantly agreed. As he contemplated his return, a faint, desperate hope, or perhaps merely a defiant prayer, stirred within him, a plea for some divine intervention to save his soul from the abyss of a world he so despised.
Thus, Des Esseintes withdrew to a secluded villa in Fontenay, far from the clamor and vulgarity of the city. His new abode became a sanctuary, a meticulously crafted world where artificiality reigned supreme, deliberately chosen to supersede the imperfections and banality of nature. Every detail was curated with an obsessive precision: the walls draped in rare fabrics, the air infused with complex, custom-blended perfumes, and the very light filtered through stained glass to cast an ethereal glow. He disdained the natural, finding genius only in the artifice of man, and sought to create a personal utopia where beauty was distilled to its purest, most unnatural essence.
His days were a symphony of carefully orchestrated sensations. He devised a "mouth-organ" of rare liqueurs, each stop corresponding to a different spirit, allowing him to compose liquid melodies on his palate, evoking the brassy clang of trombones or the reedy wail of a clarinet with a mere sip. He immersed himself in literature, but only that which spoke to his refined, often perverse, tastes - the decadent Latin authors, the Symbolist poets like Baudelaire and Mallarmé, whose words shimmered with an arcane beauty. Even the flowers he cultivated were chosen for their uncanny, almost artificial appearance, their waxy petals and bizarre forms mimicking human artifice rather than wild growth.
Yet, this carefully constructed world, designed to shield him from all unpleasantness, sometimes brought its own peculiar tragedies. He once procured a magnificent tortoise, its dull, earthy shell offending his hyper-aesthetic eye. To remedy this, he had its carapace gilded and encrusted with precious stones - amethysts, topazes, opals - transforming it into a living jewel. But the creature, accustomed to its humble existence, could not bear the dazzling weight of such luxury and was found dead, a victim of imposed splendor.
Even the thought of travel, that universal balm for the restless spirit, was transmuted into an internal art. He would plan elaborate journeys, poring over guidebooks and train schedules, even visiting an English pub in Paris to savor the aroma of stout and the accents of Englishmen. But the physical discomforts of actual travel, the inevitable clash between expectation and reality, were too much to bear. He once reached the train station for a voyage to London, only to turn back, realizing the imagined journey, meticulously constructed in his mind, was infinitely more satisfying and pristine than any real experience could ever be.
As months bled into an unbroken chain of isolated, hyper-sensory indulgence, Des Esseintes's already fragile health began to deteriorate further. His stomach, his nerves, his very spirit rebelled against this unnatural regimen. The relentless pursuit of artificial sensation, the utter lack of human connection, and the defiance of all natural rhythms began to take their toll, manifesting in a host of physical ailments and an intensifying mental anguish.
Finally, a doctor, observing his alarming decline, delivered an ultimatum: he must abandon his solitary, decadent life and return to Paris. The very thought filled Des Esseintes with dread - the return to the vulgarity, the noise, the crushing mediocrity he had so vehemently rejected. Yet, faced with the stark choice between his meticulously curated isolation and the preservation of his life, he reluctantly agreed. As he contemplated his return, a faint, desperate hope, or perhaps merely a defiant prayer, stirred within him, a plea for some divine intervention to save his soul from the abyss of a world he so despised.
What other readers say
Liked
Readers praise Against Nature for its exceptionally rich, ornate, and often extravagant prose, which many describe as a masterful display of language and aesthetic detail. The novel is celebrated for its unique structural approach, often resembling a philosophical treatise or fictionalized autobiography rather than a conventional narrative, with chapters dedicated to exploring specific themes like art, religion, or literature. Many reviewers commend the book's profound influence on the Decadent movement and Fin de siècle literature, particularly its impact on authors like Oscar Wilde. The protagonist, Des Esseintes, is seen by some as a fascinating "saint of the senses" or an "eccentric dandy" who embodies a rejection of societal norms and a deep immersion in the worlds of art and literature. Its ability to challenge traditional realism and serve as a manifesto against naturalism is also frequently highlighted as a significant strength.
Disliked
Conversely, many readers find the book's lack of a traditional plot or conventional storyline to be a significant drawback, leading to descriptions of it as "terribly dull" or a "pile of detail upon detail without much central notion." The protagonist, Des Esseintes, is often perceived as an unlikable, even "ridiculous fool," whose "empty opinions" and "mere litany of excess" can make him difficult to empathize with. Some reviewers criticize the overwhelming and often purposeless accumulation of minute descriptions, which can result in a tedious reading experience. The book's extreme interiority and the protagonist's misanthropic views, while appealing to some, are for others a source of frustration and a lack of relatable engagement. Furthermore, certain problematic aspects of the protagonist's character and his views on morality are noted as off-putting.
In short
Ultimately, Against Nature is regarded as a powerful and historically important classic, though one that elicits strongly polarized reactions. It is highly recommended for readers interested in the Decadent movement, Fin de siècle aesthetics, and those who appreciate experimental literary forms that prioritize philosophical exploration and intricate prose over conventional narrative. This book would appeal to individuals who enjoy deep character studies of isolated, unconventional figures and those who are drawn to themes of artifice, anti-conformity, and a profound disillusionment with society. However, readers seeking a fast-paced, plot-driven story or a protagonist with easily admirable qualities may find it a challenging and less enjoyable experience.
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